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HR 1 Became law

Makes large changes to federal spending, taxes, health coverage, immigration enforcement, energy leasing, and other programs, including new tax deductions for tips and overtime, funding for border enforcement and defense, and cuts to certain clean-energy credits and Medicaid and SNAP eligibility.

Official title: An act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title II of H. Con. Res. 14.

Outcome Public Law 119-21
Timeline each lane is a chamber; dates pull from congress.gov actions
House
Reported 20-MAY-2025
On the calendar 20-MAY-2025
Passed 22-MAY-2025
Took up the Senate's changes 03-JUL-2025
Senate
Received 27-JUN-2025
On the calendar 28-JUN-2025
Passed 01-JUL-2025
President
Presented 03-JUL-2025
Signed 04-JUL-2025
Became law 04-JUL-2025
Key points
  • Creates temporary deductions for tips and overtime pay and a car loan interest deduction through 2028
  • Appropriates billions for defense, border enforcement, the Coast Guard, and air traffic control, and raises the federal debt limit
  • Narrows Medicaid and SNAP eligibility and adds work requirements for some adults, and terminates several clean-energy tax credits
  • Requires the Interior Department to resume onshore and offshore oil, gas, and coal lease sales on set schedules
AI-generated from the Public Law text of 05-JUL-2025 · verify · report an error
Official CRS summary

Current. The Congressional Research Service's summary covers the bill's latest wording (Public Law, 04-JUL-2025).

CRS is the Library of Congress's nonpartisan research office. Read it on congress.gov
Committee referrals (5) Policy area

Economics and Public Finance

Sponsor Jodey C. Arrington (R-TX) Cosponsors · 0

No cosponsors.