Requires courts reviewing federal agency actions to decide legal questions, including the meaning of statutes and agency rules, without deferring to the agency's own reading.

• Amends section 706 of title 5 of the U.S. Code to direct reviewing courts to decide de novo, meaning fresh and without deference to the agency, all relevant questions of law, including interpretations of constitutional and statutory provisions and agency rules.
• Applies this standard in any action for judicial review of agency action authorized under any provision of law, and bars other laws from exempting such actions unless they specifically reference section 706.
• Divides section 706 into subsections (a) and (b) and makes conforming wording changes. The short title is the Separation of Powers Restoration Act of 2025.

• Judiciary Committee (House)

Government Operations and Politics